Ken Browne - Sociology for AS AQA
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Multiple choice quiz 2
Which one of the following is the best definition of culture?
a) All the things that make up the way of life of a society
b) Opera, classical music, theatres and art galleries
c) What is expected of us in society
d) How we see and define ourselves and how others see and define us
Which
one
of the following is an example of folk culture?
a) Pop music
b) Hollywood blockbuster films
c) Traditional fairy stories
d) Hip hop
e) Video games
Which
one
of the following best describes a stigmatized identity?
a) One which marks out and praises people for their exceptional qualities
b) One which secures immediate acceptance in almost any social group
c) One which fails to conform to peer group norms leading to rejection
d) One that is in some way undesirable or demeaning, and excludes people from full acceptance in society
Which one of the following is the main agency of primary socialization?
a) The education system
b) The family
c) The mass media
d) The peer group
Which one of the following best defines secondary socialization?
a) Going out for a drink with friends
b) Getting a telling off from parents
c) Socialization that takes place outside the family and close community
d) Watching a lot of TV
Which one of the following best describes the structuralist approach to socialization and the formation of identity?
a) People can act and construct their identities through interaction with others
b) People have free choice to adopt whatever identity they wish
c) People can change identities as they go through life
d) People's identities are formed by social forces which are largely beyond their control
Cooley suggested that people’s identities were formed and changed as they responded to how others saw them. What did he call this?
a) Impression management
b) Reflective learning
c) The looking-glass self
d) Interactive identity formation
Goffman suggested people project the identity they wish by putting on a performance to influence how others see them. What did he call this?
a) Identity construction
b) Self-concept development
c) Impression management
d) Manipulative self-projection
Which two of the following are NOT criticisms of social action approaches to the role of the socialization process in the construction of identity?
1) They don't recognize that people can make choices in the ways they behave and the identities they adopt
2) They assume that people are simply puppets with social institutions pulling the strings
3) They don't give enough emphasis to power inequalities in society
4) They overemphasize the amount of choice that individuals have
5) They don't give enough weight to the role of social institutions in limiting and controlling the identities that people can adopt
a) 1 & 2
b) 2 & 3
c) 3 & 4
d) 4 & 5
e) 1 & 5
Social class is usually defined on the basis of:
a) cultural tastes, the consumer goods people buy, leisure activities
b) cultural tastes, education, leisure activities
c) income, wealth and occupation
d) leisure activities, wealth and occupation
e) wealth, education and the consumer goods people buy
The subjective view of class is most likely to affect:
a) housing
b) income
c) car ownership
d) attitudes
A habitus is best described as:
a) income level
b) unhealthy lifestyle choices
c) a framework of cultural tastes and choices
d) a set of ideas of the dominant social class
Those who have access to elements of the knowledge, education, language, attitudes and values, and lifestyle of the upper and upper-middle class are said to possess:
a) a subculture
b) an upper-class identity
c) a multiple identity
d) high culture
e) cultural capital
Which
one
of the following is not generally associated with the traditional working class?
a) A privatized, home-centred life
b) Labour voting
c) A strong commitment to trade unions
d) A close-knit community and community life
A hegemonic identity is:
a) an identity that is so dominant that it makes it difficult for individuals to assert alternative identities
b) an identity that most people try to avoid conforming to
c) an identity that involves an attraction to others of the same sex
d) an identity that is the same in all countries of the world
Sociologists use the term ‘sex’ to refer to:
a) sexual involvement with other men or women
b) the different ways men and women are encouraged to behave in society
c) the biological differences between males and females
d) masculinity and femininity
If masculine and feminine behaviour were based on the biological differences between males and females, which one of the following would you expect to find when comparing different cultures?
a) Male and female behaviour would be the same in every society
b) Male and female behaviour would differ between societies, but would be the same in each individual society studied
c) There would be differences between men in how they behaved, between women in how they behaved, and between men and women, in every society.
Which one of these developments in gender identity did Mac an Ghaill identify?
a) A crisis of hegemonic femininity
b) A crisis of heterosexuality
c) A crisis of masculinity
d) A crisis of motherhood
Homophobia refers to:
a) a fear of being trapped in a hegemonic masculine identity
b) an irrational fear of or aversion to members of the opposite sex
c) an irrational fear of or aversion to homosexuals
d) an irrational fear of or aversion to a minority ethnic group
What is defined as: 'the shared culture of a social group which gives its members a common identity in some ways different from other social groups'?
a) A stereotype
b) A subculture
c) Ethnicity
d) A minority ethnic group
Which one of the following best describes a minority ethnic group?
a) A small group that is disadvantaged
b) A small group that holds deviant views
c) A smaller social group than the main social group
d) A smaller social group that shares a cultural identity that is different from the majority population of a society
e) A smaller social group that shares a cultural identity opposed to that of the majority population of a society
Identities that are formed from two or more ethnic cultures are known as:
a) multiple identities
b) collective identities
c) confused identities
d) hybrid identities
What is defined as: 'the dispersal of an ethnic population from its original homeland and its spreading out across the world, while retaining cultural and emotional ties to its area or nation of origin'?
a) Emigration
b) Globalization
c) Diaspora
d) Hybridization
Hybridization refers to:
a) elements of different cultures drawn on to create new ethnic identities
b) the destruction of minority ethnic subcultures and the creation of a new dominant ethnic culture
c) the adoption of a 'white mask' by minority ethnic groups
d) a crisis of identity
Which one of the following reasons is most likely to explain the stigmatization of Muslims in Britain in the 2000s?
a) The growing tendency of Muslim girls to adopt the Hijab
b) The importance of Muslim religion and culture to British Muslims
c) Exaggerated media reporting and stereotyping of Muslims as extremists and terrorists resulting from the activities of a tiny minority of British Muslims
A declining number of people living in the UK are identifying themselves as British, with English, Welsh or Scottish national identities being asserted instead. Which one of the following is
least likely
to explain this?
a) The growth of Welsh and Scottish nationalism and national identity
b) The growing diversity of ethnic groups within the UK
c) Membership of the European Union
d) Globalization
e) A strong economy
Four of the following are most likely to have contributed to the decline of an English identity. Which is the least likely?
a) Global mass media
b) The growth of ethnic minority populations in England
c) More international travel and tourism
d) Failings in the education system
e) Globalization of fashion, music, food and other consumer goods
Disability is often seen as a stigmatized identity. Which one of the following does not explain this?
a) Stereotyping
b) Discrimination
c) Physical or mental impairments
d) Patronising and dismissive attitudes
The social construction of age is best described as which of the following?
a) Age is moulded by biology
b) Age is a period of life
c) Age is moulded by society and social attitudes
d) Age is a state of mind
e) There’s no such thing as age
Postmodernist writers suggest that one of the following is the most important factor in forming identities today. Which one?
a) Social class
b) Ethnicity
c) Sexuality
d) Nationality
e) Choices in leisure, consumption and lifestyle
f) Gender
g) Age
Ken Browne — Sociology for AS and AQA, 3rd Edition
