Ken Browne - Sociology for AS AQA
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Multiple choice quiz 4
An unearned income is:
a) an income from employment that is not declared for tax purposes
b) a monthly pay check from work
c) interest from savings and other investments
In contemporary Britain, the richest 5% of the population own around what share of wealth?
a) 20%
b) 40%
c) 55%
d) 65%
Which
three
of the following explanations might functionalists use to explain the unequal distribution of wealth and income?
1) Some jobs are more important and carry more responsibility than others and people doing them deserve higher rewards
2) Some jobs require long periods of specialized training, and those who do such training deserve their higher rewards for doing so
3) The most able individuals must be motivated to take on the important jobs and they’ll only do this if they get higher pay than others
4) Inequalities of wealth and income exist because some people exploit others
5) Inequalities exist because people are prepared to reward some people more than others for the services they offer
a) 1, 2 & 3
b) 1, 2 & 4
c) 2, 3 & 5
d) 3, 4 & 5
Weber’s term ‘market situation’ refers to:
a) the price that people pay when they buy products in a market
b) the rewards that people get when they sell consumer products in a market
c) the rewards that people get when they sell their skills on the labour market
The welfare state in Britain was originally established with the aim of destroying ‘five giants’. Which of the following were they?
a) Squalor, inheritance of wealth, patriarchy, social inequality & idleness
b) Want, disease, social inequality, ignorance & patriarchy
c) Inheritance of wealth, want, social inequality, ignorance & idleness
d) Idleness, ignorance, disease, squalor & want
Which
one
of the following is not an example of informal welfare provision?
a) A neighbour dropping round to help a disabled person with shopping
b) A daughter doing her elderly mother’s washing
c) A child looking after his sick sister until his mum and dad get home
d) A doctor doing a home visit
Which
three
of the following are features of the voluntary sector of welfare provision?
1) Try to fill some gaps left in welfare provision by the state
2) Run to make a profit for private individuals
3) Play important roles as pressure groups to improve welfare services
4) Run by amateurs and well-wishers with little professional expertise or knowledge
5) Non-profit-making organizations
a) 1, 2 & 3
b) 2, 3 & 4
c) 3, 4 & 5
d) 1, 3 & 5
e) 2, 4 & 5
Which
one
of the following is
not
generally associated with the social democratic approach to welfare?
a) Everyone should be entitled to free welfare services and benefits
b) Only those with limited financial resources should receive welfare services and benefits
c) Social inequality threatens the stability of society
d) Means-tested benefits create a stigma on those who might claim them
Which
two
of the following are features of the New Right approach to welfare?
1) The generosity of the welfare state undermines self-help
2) Benefits should be restricted only to the very poor who are unable to work through sickness or disability
3) The government should be mainly responsible for social welfare
4) The welfare state is simply a means of buying off working class protest
a) 1 & 2
b) 2 & 3
c) 3 & 4
d) 1 & 4
Feminist approaches to welfare include which of the following features?
1) The welfare state doesn’t cater properly for the needs of women
2) The welfare state supports patriarchy
3) The benefits system discriminates against women
4) The welfare state was founded on the principle that women would be mainly financially supported by men
5) Informal care is primarily provided by women
a) 1 & 2
b) 2 & 4
c) 1, 2, 4 & 5
d) 1, 3, 4 & 5
e) All of them
The inverse care law says that:
a) those whose need is least get the most resources spent on them
b) those whose need is greatest get the most resources spent on them
c) those whose need is greatest are the only ones who get resources spent on them
d) everyone in need gets the same resources spent on them
Which
two
of the following apply to the absolute definition of poverty?
1) The poor are those who lack things that other people take for granted
2) The poor are those who feel poor compared to others in their society
3) The poor lack the minimum necessities needed for a healthy life
4) The poor would be regarded as poor at any time, as the standard does not vary much over time or between societies
a) 1 & 2
b) 2 & 3
c) 3 & 4
d) 1 & 4
Which
three
of the following are criticisms of the absolute definition of poverty?
1) It is difficult to identify what basic subsistence needs are
2) It compares the poor with other people
3) It doesn’t take into account what others think are necessities
4) It is based on the value judgements of researchers
5) It only includes physical needs, and ignores social needs and cultural expectations
a) 5, 4 & 3
b) 5, 4 & 2
c) 5, 4 & 1
d) 4, 3 & 2
e) 3, 2 & 1
Which
three
of the following apply to the relative definition of poverty?
1) The poor are those who lack things that other people take for granted
2) The poor are those who feel poor compared to others in their society
3) The poor lack the minimum necessities needed for a healthy life
4) The definition of poverty will change as societies become richer
5) The definition of poverty needs to take into account social and cultural needs and not just the minimum biological necessities of life
a) 5, 4 & 3
b) 5, 4 & 2
c) 5, 4 & 1
d) 4, 3 & 2
e) 3, 2 & 1
Which
three
of the following are criticisms of the relative definition of poverty?
1) It is not an indicator of poverty, but of social inequality. Poverty will always exist so long as social inequality exists
2) It is based on the value judgements of researchers
3) It is difficult to identify what others might regard as necessary for a reasonable standard of living in any particular society
4) It doesn’t take into account what others think are necessities
5) It only includes physical needs and ignores social needs and cultural expectations
a) 5, 4 & 3
b) 5, 4 & 2
c) 5, 4 & 1
d) 4, 3 & 2
e) 3, 2 & 1
Social exclusion refers to:
a) individuals who do not wish to engage with others in the wider community
b) individuals being involuntarily cut off from what most people would regard as a normal life
c) individuals who are not accepted in their peer group
The consensual measurement of relative poverty means:
a) a widespread agreement by ordinary members of the public of what makes up the minimum standards required for life in contemporary society
b) a deprivation index of items drawn up by experts on what makes up the minimum standards required for life in contemporary society
c) widespread acceptance of a list of items produced by the government which everyone should have and be able to afford
Which
one
of the following ethnic groups has the greatest proportion of its members in poverty?
a) Whites
b) Indian Asians
c) African Caribbeans
d) Pakistani/Bangladeshis
The official poverty line in the UK and the European Union is:
a) 40% of average income
b) 50% of average income
c) 60% of average income
d) 70% of average income
Women are more likely than men to experience poverty. Which
three
of the following explain this?
1) Women are more likely to be in part-time and low-paid work
2) Women don’t work as hard as men
3) Women spend more money than men so don’t have any savings when financial difficulties arise
4) Women are the majority of low-paid homeworkers
5) Women are less likely than men to have employers’ pensions
a) 5, 4 & 3
b) 5, 4 & 2
c) 5, 4 & 1
d) 4, 3 & 2
e) 3, 2 & 1
Cultural explanations of poverty have which
two
of the following features?
1) The poor have a set of values and beliefs that stop them escaping poverty
2) The poor are victims of circumstances beyond their control
3) The poor make little effort to change their situation or take the initiative to break free of their poverty
4) The poor are in poverty because they are exploited by the rich
a) 1 & 2
b) 2 & 3
c) 3 & 4
d) 1 & 3
e) 2 & 4
Which
three
of the following are features of the culture of poverty?
1) A sense of fatalism
2) A failure to take opportunities when they arise
3) A lack of concern for others
4) An inability to plan for the future
5) A lack of close family ties
a) 5, 4 & 3
b) 5, 4 & 2
c) 5, 3 & 2
d) 4, 2 & 1
e) 3, 2 & 1
A dependency culture is:
a) one in which people depend on the family as a source of support
b) one in which people depend on work and the community to survive
c) one in which people depend on their own resources to survive
d) one in which people depend on the welfare state to survive
The New Right sees which
two
of the following as features of the underclass?
1) A group that fiddles the benefit system
2) A work-shy and anti-social group
3) A socially-excluded group arising from poverty
4) A group that has similar views and aspirations to everyone else in society
a) 1 & 2
b) 2 & 3
c) 3 & 4
d) 1 & 4
Which
two
of the following are criticisms of cultural explanations of poverty?
1) The differences between the attitudes of the poor and non-poor have been exaggerated
2) They don’t consider the different beliefs and attitudes of the poor
3) They blame the victims rather than the causes of poverty
4) They give too much emphasis to a lack of income
a) 1 & 2
b) 1 & 3
c) 2 & 4
d) 3 & 4
Which
two
of the following are features of material explanations of poverty?
1) They look at the values and attitudes of the poor
2) They blame the unequal structure of society for the existence of poverty
3) They recognize that the poor can be trapped in a cycle of deprivation
4) They recognize that parents socialize children into a culture of dependency
a) 1 & 2
b) 1 & 3
c) 2 & 3
d) 3 & 4
A cycle of deprivation is:
a) where the poor get used to living in poverty and accept it
b) where the poor lack self-confidence and carry on as they always have
c) where one aspect of poverty leads to further poverty, making it difficult to escape from poverty
d) where the poor get lots of opportunities to escape from poverty but don’t take them up
The social democratic version sees the underclass as which
three
of the following?
1) A socially-excluded group arising from poverty
2) A group that fiddles the benefit system
3) A work-shy and anti-social group
4) A group that has similar views and aspirations to everyone else in society, but can’t put them into practice as they don’t have the means of doing so
5) A group forced to rely on inadequate state benefits
a) 1, 2 & 3
b) 1, 3 & 4
c) 1, 4 & 5
d) 2, 3 & 4
e) 2, 4 & 5
Which
three
of the following are features of structural explanations of poverty?
1) Poverty is the result of an unequal, exploitative capitalist society
2) Poverty is the result of poor socialization in some sections of society
3) Poverty provides a pool of cheap labour for employers
4) Poverty exists because some people are simply inadequate
5) Poverty exists because some people lack the skills and education that might enable them to get decent jobs
a) 1, 2 & 3
b) 1, 3 & 5
c) 1, 4 & 5
d) 2, 3 & 4
e) 2, 4 & 5
Some functionalists argue that poverty contributes to the maintenance and stability of society. Which
three
of the following explain this view?
1) Poverty means some people are forced to do the most undesirable, but essential, jobs that most people don’t want to do
2) Poverty motivates people to work
3) Poverty pushes up wages as people try to distance themselves from the poor and their inadequate lifestyles
4) Poverty keeps deviants separate from the rest of society
5) The plight of the poor demonstrates to others what happens if they don’t conform to mainstream values like hard work, honesty and saving and planning for the future
a) 1, 2 & 5
b) 1, 2 & 4
c) 1, 4 & 5
d) 2, 3 & 4
e) 2, 4 & 5
Ken Browne — Sociology for AS and AQA, 3rd Edition
