Ken Browne - Sociology for AS AQA
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Multiple choice quiz 7
Which
one
of the following provides the most practical working definition of ‘good health’?
a) Being able to function normally within a usual everyday routine
b) A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being
c) The lack of any medically-diagnosed symptoms of biological or mental abnormalities
Illness refers to:
a) biological or mental problems involving medically-diagnosed symptoms
b) a subjective feeling of being unwell or in ill-health
c) being unable to function normally within a usual everyday routine
The social construction of the human body refers to:
a) the size, shape and appearance of the body being subject to a wide range of influences from society
b) the human body being purely a creation of nature
c) the human body being purely a creation of the attitudes, actions and interpretations of members of society
Disability refers to:
a) a physical or mental impairment which prevents people carrying out day-to-day activities that most other people would consider normal
b) an abnormal functioning of the mind or body
c) a physical or mental impairment created by the socialization process
Which
two
of the following are features of the biomedical model of health?
1) A strong emphasis is placed on the social causes of ill-health
2) Ill-health is seen as a result of a breakdown of the normal functioning of the body
3) Ill-health is best treated in clinical situations, like hospitals and doctors’ surgeries, by trained medical experts
4) Health is seen as not just the absence of disease but also a subjective sense of well-being
a) 1 & 2
b) 2 & 3
c) 3 & 4
d) 1 & 4
Which
two
of the following are criticisms of the medical model of health?
1) It doesn’t take enough account of the social influences on health
2) It gives too much power to the medical establishment in tackling ill-health
3) It places too much emphasis on the mental and spiritual dimensions of ill-health, and not enough on its physical aspects
4) It has not led to effective treatment for many diseases
a) 1 & 2
b) 2 & 3
c) 3 & 4
d) 1 & 4
Which
one
of the following refers to Illich’s concept of iatrogenesis?
a) The responsibility of doctors for the spread of disease
b) The failure of doctors to treat patients
c) The treatments provided by doctors sometimes having more harmful consequences than the conditions they are meant to be curing
Which
one
of the following is
not
a feature of the social model of health?
a) It recognises that medical science is influenced by social and economic factors that go beyond the simple treatment of biological disease
b) Ill-health is seen as a result of social factors and not just biological ones of the body
c) It recognises the best way to tackle ill-health is to invest in more clinical facilities, like hospitals and doctors’ surgeries, and more trained medical experts
Which
one
of the following statements is not a feature of Marxist approaches to health and medicine?
a) Ill-health strikes people at random
b) The welfare state is not concerned with tackling the real causes of ill-health
c) The drug and medical technology companies are more concerned with making money out of ill-health than reducing it
Which
two
of the following diseases are more likely to be found in the most advanced, affluent societies?
a) Cholera & heart disease
b) Typhoid & tuberculosis
c) Heart disease & diabetes
d) Tuberculosis & cholera
e) Diabetes & typhoid
Which
one
of the following types of disease is most likely to be found in less-developed, simpler societies?
a) Degenerative diseases
b) Infectious diseases
c) Sexually-transmitted diseases
Morbidity refers to:
a) the extent of disease in a population
b) the numbers of people reporting depression
c) the number of deaths in a population
The idea of a ‘clinical iceberg’ refers to:
a) only a small proportion of ill-health being reported to doctors and recorded in official statistics, with most concealed beneath the surface
b) the extent of ill-health growing so rapidly that it is creating a social problem similar to the way icebergs threaten ships
c) the National Health Service having so many demands being placed upon it that it is facing melt down, similar to icebergs melting with global warming.
The pattern of behaviour expected from someone who has been defined as unwell is known as:
a) the patient role
b) the sick role
c) the ill role
When people are defined as ill, what
two
of the following obligations are they under if their ill-health is to be seen as justified?
1) They should recognize their sickness is undesirable and not take advantage of those looking after them by expecting their help longer than necessary
2) They should accept they are personally to blame for their illness
3) They should not seek to avoid their normal responsibilities
4) They should cooperate in their treatment so they get well as soon as possible
a) 1 & 2
b) 2 & 3
c) 3 & 4
d) 1 & 4
The power of some people or groups to limit access to something valuable or useful is known as:
a) social control
b) gate-keeping
c) legitimization
Which
two
of the following explanations do functionalist writers use to justify the power of medical professionals over their patients?
1) They have specialized and expert knowledge enabling them to treat patients effectively
2) They are so well trained and regulated that they rarely make mistakes in patient care
3) Doctors always provide the best care, within reasonable limits of treatment costs
4) They are governed by a code of ethics which guarantees that doctors always put the interests of patients first
a) 1 & 2
b) 2 & 3
c) 3 & 4
d) 1 & 4
Which
two
of the following have undermined the power of medical professionals?
1) Many of the new diseases in contemporary society are degenerative diseases for which doctors have no cure
2) Doctors are no longer as well-trained and well-regulated as they once were, with declining patient care
3) More demands from patients for knowledge about and choice in their treatment
4) Higher educational levels among the population as a whole, so doctors have declining status and authority
a) 1 & 3
b) 2 & 3
c) 2 & 4
d) 1 & 4
Which
two
of the following are new approaches compared to traditional health care in the UK?
1) A changing emphasis on prevention rather than simply treatment
2) A changing emphasis on treatment in hospitals rather than by GPs
3) A changing emphasis on a more social rather than simply the medical model of health
4) A changing emphasis on medical intervention to tackle disease rather than individuals monitoring their own health and fitness to prevent disease
a) 1 & 3
b) 2 & 3
c) 2 & 4
d) 1 & 4
Social class inequalities in health are sometimes referred to as:
a) the deprivation divide
b) the health gulf
c) the health divide
Which
two
of the following types of explanation for social class inequalities in health do sociologists generally reject as inadequate?
1) Artefact explanations
2) Material explanations
3) Social selection explanations
4) Cultural explanations
a) 1 & 3
b) 2 & 3
c) 2 & 4
d) 1 & 4
Which
two
of the following are most likely to be emphasized by materialist explanations of health inequalities?
1) Poor housing
2) Inadequate education
3) Smoking
4) Excessive alcohol consumption
5) Environmental pollution
a) 1 & 3
b) 1 & 5
c) 2 & 3
d) 2 & 4
e) 3 & 5
The inverse care law refers to:
a) those whose health needs are least getting the most resources spent on them
b) those whose health needs are greatest getting the most resources spent on them
c) those whose health needs are greatest being the only ones who get resources spent on them
d) everyone in need of health care getting the same resources spent on them
Which
two
of the following does Wilkinson identify as crucial factors influencing health inequalities apart from material deprivation?
1) Social cohesion
2) Cultural choices
3) Social inequality
4) Inadequate health services
a) 1 & 3
b) 2 & 3
c) 2 & 4
d) 1 & 4
Which of the following explanations for why women tend to live longer than men are true?
1) Women are more likely to be involved in family health care and so are more likely to seek medical attention for themselves
2) Women suffer less anxiety, stress and depression than men
3) Women are less likely to suffer heart disease
4) Women are less likely to engage in activities that put them at risk of death, disability or disease
5) Women have less reported sickness than men
a) 5, 4 & 3
b) 5, 4 & 2
c) 5, 2 & 1
d) 4, 3 & 2
e) 4, 3 & 1
Which
one
of the following is not an explanation for the poorer health of some minority ethnic groups?
a) They are biologically weaker and more vulnerable to disease
b) They frequently suffer higher levels of social deprivation
c) They are less likely to access the health care services that are available
d) The fact and fear of racism leads to poor health
Which of the following statements are true?
1) The most advanced hospitals and medical technology are more commonly found in the affluent southern parts of the UK than the more deprived North
2) Working-class children, who suffer more illnesses and accidents, are more likely to be taken to see doctors than middle-class children
3) Middle-class patients spend more time with their doctors than working-class patients
4) Disabled people, who often have greater health needs, are more likely to get the health care and treatment they need than the able-bodied
5) Older people are more likely to get the medical care they need than young people
6) People in the North of England generally live longer than those in the South
7) The richest countries of the world have the lowest rate of deaths from degenerative diseases like cancer
8) The state of health of the populations of different countries of the world simply reflects the amount of money spent on healthcare
a) 2, 4, 5, 7 & 8
b) All the odd-numbered statements
c) All the even–numbered statements
d) 1 & 3
e) 2
About what proportion of people of working age suffer some form of mental illness?
a) 1 in 2
b) 1 in 3
c) 1 in 6
Mental illness is one of the most stigmatized of illnesses. Which one of the following might explain this?
a) It is so common
b) It doesn’t have any obvious physical symptoms
c) It involves behaviour people find very hard to understand and often find personally threatening or embarrassing
The social construction of mental illness refers to:
a) mental illness being defined by the labels applied by others to those whose behaviour they cannot make sense of, dislike, disapprove of or feel threatened by
b) mental illness being created by the pressures of living in contemporary society which make people mentally ill
c) mental illness being simply a myth created by powerful people to justify their control and treatment of society’s deviants
Ken Browne — Sociology for AS and AQA, 3rd Edition
