Anthony Giddens • Sociology 6th edition

Student Resources

Chapter 14 — Sexuality and Gender

1. How many different sexual identities did Lorber (1994) classify?
   a) 2
   b) 4
   c) 10
   d) 6
2. A 2006 Eurobarometer survey asked, ‘homosexual marriages should be allowed throughout Europe?’. In how many of the 25 EU countries did 50% or more of those asked agree with this statement?
   a) 25
   b) 18
   c) 15
   d) 8
3. Cas Wouters’s (2004) Sex and Manners is a study of changing gender relations and the informalization of courtship codes. Where is his research data primarily drawn from?
   a) interview material
   b) oral histories
   c) manners books
   d) survey research
4. Which of the following does not constitute ‘sex work’?
   a) lap dancing
   b) erotic massage
   c) prostitution
   d) belly dancing
5. In 2004, what was the major cause of death in young women aged 15-19 in developing countries?
   a) AIDS-related conditions
   b) wars and civil conflicts
   c) complications in pregnancy
   d) sexually transmitted infections (not HIV/AIDS)
6. R.W. Connell’s theory of the gender hierarchy identifies many expressions of femininity and masculinity. Which one sits at the top of the hierarchy?
   a) complicit masculinity
   b) emphasized femininity
   c) emphasized femininity
   d) hegemonic masculinity
7. Which feminist perspective has patriarchy as its fundamental concept in the explanation of gender inequality?
   a) liberal feminism
   b) radical feminism
   c) socialist feminism
   d) Marxist feminism
8. Which of the following is not one of the six structures of patriarchy identified by Sylvia Walby (1990)?
   a) paid employment
   b) male violence
   c) household production relations
   d) cultural institutions
   e) political parties
   f) sexual relations
   g) the state
9. Feminism has often been seen as the preserve of middle-class Western women. At the 1995 UN Conference on Women, how many countries were represented?
   a) 181
   b) 46
   c) 15
   d) 125
10. What is the central premise of strict social constructionist theories in gender studies?
    a) biological sex must be separated from gender
    b) learned gender roles overlay biological sex
    c) both sex and gender are social constructions
    d) a biological basis exists for both sex and gender
11. According to UN figures, in which one of these countries does more than 75% of married women use contraception?
    a) China
    b) Canada
    c) Congo
    d) Czech Republic
12. According to Social Trends data for 2000, what percentage of the population believe that a married person having sexual relations with someone other than their spouse is always wrong?
    a) 11
    b) 29
    c) 39
    d) 52
13. Ken Plummer has identified four types of homosexuality in modern Western culture. Which one refers to settings where men engage in same-sex activity only as a substitute for heterosexual behaviour?
    a) casual homosexuality
    b) situated homosexuality
    c) personalized homosexuality
    d) homosexuality as a way of life
14. The Stonewall Riots were a significant event in:
    a) the women's liberation movement
    b) the 'pro-life' movement
    c) the gay rights movement
    d) the reproductive rights movement
15. Sociologists use the term 'sex' to refer to:
    a) anatomical and physiological difference
    b) erotic and physical practices
    c) psychological and social difference
    d) emotional and cultural practices
16. Which one of these is not one of the three 'crisis tendencies' in the gender order identified by Connell?
    a) crisis of institutionalization
    b) crisis of sexuality
    c) crisis of masculinity
    d) crisis of interest formation
17. According to Parsons' functionalist approach, the sexual division of labour in the family should ensure that women occupy which role?
    a) instrumental
    b) expressive
    c) practical
    d) erotic
18. Which form of feminism draws on Marxist theory?
    a) liberal
    b) socialist
    c) radical
    d) postmodern
19. Which form of feminism is most committed to challenging the essentialist nature of the category 'woman'?
    a) liberal
    b) socialist
    c) radical
    d) postmodern
20. The 'double standard' normally refers to the difference in social attitudes towards:
    a) homosexual and heterosexual sex activity
    b) child and adult sexual activity
    c) male and female sexual activity
    d) working-class and middle-class sexual activity
21. Transvestism requires a change of:
    a) sexual orientation
    b) gender identity
    c) anatomy
    d) clothes
22. What fundamental value does Ronald Dworkin argue is shared by the deeply opposed 'pro-choice' and 'pro-life' positions in the abortion debates?
    a) the sanctity of human life
    b) the freedom of the individual
    c) the centrality of the family
    d) the primacy of spirituality
23. Gagnon and Simon argue that all sexual encounters are guided by 'sexual scripts'. Which approach to the study of sexuality were they influential in shaping?
    a) socio-biology
    b) social constructionism
    c) functionalism
    d) queer theory
24. In which century was the term 'homosexual' coined to describe a distinct type of person?
    a) 17th
    b) 18th
    c) 19th
    d) 20th

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